Dual/Expo Rates
(Menu/Fine Tuning/Dual Rate/Exponential)
The adjustment of control surface deflection size or setting of exponential response curves is done in the common transmitter menu. On the menu’s main screen, the current status for each output is displayed along with descriptions:
Function: the name of the function associated with the values on the line.
Dual: the current dual/triple rate value for the respective function.
Expo: the current exponential rate value for the respective function.
Symbol G or S: the G (Global) symbol indicates that the values on the line apply to the model settings in all flight modes. The S (Separate) symbol means that flight mode functions are active for the model, and the values on the line apply only to the active (selected) flight mode.
Tip: Press the “Menu” button to launch the help relevant to the given menu.
Note: Always start by setting the basic deflection size mechanically via the servo arm to control surface ratio, ensuring the full servo travel is used. Use the Dual Rate function to change the size of control deflections in different flight phases. Do not use the Dual Rate function with receivers that have integrated stabilization (e.g., receivers of the ASSIST series).
Access the settings for the Dual Rate/Exponential functions using the F4 (Edit) button.
Dual Rates: This function allows setting up to three deflection levels for each model function in the range of 0–125%, and switching between them in flight using an assigned switch. This means that the deflection size can be both reduced and increased during various phases of flight. A typical use of this function is to set different deflection values for selected functions for take-off, aerobatics, and landing.
Expo: With a linear response, the proportional stick movement corresponds directly to the servo arm movement across the entire range. When exponential response is enabled, the ratio between stick deflection and servo movement changes—typically becoming softer around the center and more aggressive toward the endpoints. A common use case is applying a positive Expo value to the aileron function. This makes the model less sensitive near the center stick position, allowing finer control while retaining full maximum deflection at stick extremes.
Item Descriptions:
Position: Displays the position of the assigned switch for the function. If a two-position switch is selected (i.e., two possible values for Dual/Expo Rates), position 1 or 2 will be shown. For a three-position switch, positions 1-2-3 will be displayed.
Rate: Sets the control surface deflection size in the range of 0–125%. At 100%, the deflection corresponds to the value defined in the Model/Servo Setup menu.
Tip: A moving target marker inside the graph box indicates the current position of the respective control input.
Expo: Sets the exponential response curve value in the range of -100 to +100%. Positive values reduce stick sensitivity around the center, while negative values increase it.
Tip: Pressing the F1 (Sym.) button allows you to assign different values for each side of the stick travel—not only for rate magnitude but also for the exponential response curve.
Switch: Selection of the control input used to switch between configured Dual/Expo Rate values. It is common to use one of the transmitter's two- or three-position switches to switch between predefined dual or expo rate values. The Duplex system also allows the use of any proportional control, logical switch, telemetry sensor value, timer, etc., for switching.
Prop.: When disabled (cross symbol), the selected switch functions as a standard non-proportional switch. If you assign a rotary control and enable the Prop. option (checkmark symbol), the transition between Dual/Expo Rate values will be gradual, depending on the control's position.
Tip: With the Prop. option enabled, you can adjust the exponential rate value for a specific function during flight, helping you find the optimal value for your model and flying style.
Symmetrical DR: Some model functions may be controlled by multiple control surfaces. These may operate symmetrically (e.g., flaps, dual elevator halves) or asymmetrically (e.g., ailerons). If you assign different dual rate or expo values for each half of the stick movement, it’s essential to correctly define whether the control surfaces move symmetrically or asymmetrically.
Function curves
(Menu/Fine Tuning/Function Curves)
This function allows you to adjust the servo travel path so that it follows a defined curve shape.
Item Descriptions:
Function: The name of the model function assigned to the curve row.
Curve: A rough preview of the selected curve type and shape.
Delay -/+: Sets the servo response delay when moving the control stick. The delay can be set independently for positive and negative stick movements.
Delay: Defines a delayed activation of the function after switching the flight mode.
Mode: Selecting G (Global) applies the settings to all flight modes of the model. Selecting S (Separate) applies the settings only to the currently active flight mode.
Enter the Function Curves menu using the F4 (curve symbol) button.
There are twelve predefined curve types in the menu. Curves are edited using the 3D rotary selector and its push button.
- Standard Curve: The default curve representing typical linear servo response. Only the center point (i.e., the mid-range servo position) can be edited.
- Constant Curve: Sets a fixed, unchanging servo position.
Example Usage:
In the Gear Down flight mode, assign the Standard curve to the output controlling the steerable nose gear. In the Gear Up flight mode, assign the Constant curve and set a fixed optimal retracted position for the nose gear. This way, when the gear is down, the nose gear remains steerable, and when retracted, it locks in the defined neutral position.
Another example: set several fixed positions for flaps in different flight modes using constant or stepwise curves.
All other multi-point curves can be fully customized at each control point by the user.
Example Usage:
For a brake function assigned to the landing gear, shape the curve so the brake activates proportionally only in the last quarter of stick movement. Then, use a free mix to combine this function with elevator input. Assign the mix to the gear deployment control. The brake will activate only when elevator input exceeds 75% and the gear is deployed.
Smooth: When enabled, this option smooths out the defined curve path.
Aileron Differential
(Menu/Fine Tuning/Aileron Differential)
Note: This menu is available only if the model is configured with at least two ailerons in Menu/Model/Basic Properties.
For models with an asymmetrical wing profile, it is recommended to set aileron differential so that upward deflection is greater than downward deflection.
Controller: Assigns a control input (e.g., rotary knob, slider) to adjust the function values in flight.
Tip: If no controller is assigned, values can be adjusted using the 3D rotary selector in the "Up" and "Down" rows.
Influence: Sets the range (-100% to +100%) in which the Controller can modify the values in the "Up" and "Down" rows.
Tip: A positive value increases the target value with controller movement; a negative value decreases it.
Mode: The G (Global) symbol means the values apply across all flight modes. The S (Separate) symbol means the values apply only to the currently active flight mode.
Up Row: Defines the default values for upward aileron deflection.
Down Row: Defines the default values for downward aileron deflection.
Tip: The number of editable and displayed servos (S1–S4) is automatically adjusted based on the wing type selected in Menu/Model/Basic Properties.
Sym.: Pressing F1 (Sym.) toggles between joint and independent editing of columns S1 to S4.
Apply: Pressing F1 saves the current "Up/Down" values and resets the Influence value to zero. This prevents accidental changes to fine-tuned differential settings via the assigned controller. If further adjustments are needed, the Influence range must be redefined.
Ailevator
(Menu/Fine Tuning/Ailevator)
Note: This menu is available only if the model is configured in Menu/Model/Basic Properties with two elevator servos (Ailevator 2H1V).
The function enables coupling between elevator and aileron control. The elevator surfaces also operate as ailerons within the specified range.
Description:
- Mode: Sets whether the displayed values apply to all flight modes (G – Global) or only to the currently active flight mode (S – Separate).
- Elevator: Defines the control range for the elevator function in % (from -100% to +100%).
- Aileron: Defines the mixing range in % (from -100% to +100%) of the aileron function into the elevator surfaces.
- Sym.: Press F1 (Sym.) to toggle between joint or independent editing of values for the left and right elevator halves.